A saúde mental dos adolescentes brasileiros: pesquisa nacional de saúde do escolar de 2019 / La salud mental de los adolescentes brasileños: encuesta nacional de salud escolar 2019 / Brazilian adolescents' mental health: 2019 national school health survey

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as prevalências dos indicadores de saúde mental entre os escolares brasileiros. Método: estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2019. Estimou-se as prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) dos indicadores de saúde mental dos adolescentes brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos, segundo idade, sexo, dependência administrativa da escola e Unidade da Federação. Resultados: dos 125.123 escolares de 13 a 17 anos investigados, 4,0% (IC95% 3,7-4,3) mencionaram que não tinham amigos próximos; 50,6% (IC95% 49,8-51,4) sentiram-se preocupados com as coisas comuns do dia a dia; 31,4% sentiram-se tristes na maioria das vezes ou sempre; 30,0% (IC95% 29,4 - 30,6) achavam que ninguém se preocupava com eles; 40,9% (IC95% 40,2 - 41,5) ficaram irritados, nervosos ou mal-humorados; 21,4% (IC95% 20,9-22,0) sentiam que a vida não vale a pena ser vivida; e 17,7% (IC95% 17,2-18,2) apresentaram autoavaliação em saúde mental negativa. A maioria desses indicadores foram mais frequentes em escolares de 16 e 17 anos, no sexo feminino e em escolas públicas. Conclusão: evidenciou-se o aumento do sofrimento mental entre os adolescentes brasileiros pelos indicadores de saúde mental da PeNSE edição 2019. Os resultados revelaram relações de desigualdades estruturais de gênero e classe social. É necessário maior investimento em políticas públicas a fim de diminuir as consequências do sofrimento mental entre os adolescentes brasileiros.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la prevalencia de los indicadores de salud mental entre los escolares brasileños. Método: estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar 2019 (PeNSE). Se estimó la prevalencia y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) de los indicadores de salud mental de los adolescentes brasileños de 13 a 17 años, según la edad, el género, la dependencia administrativa de la escuela y la Unidad de la Federación. Resultados: de los 125. 123 escolares de 13 a 17 años investigados, el 4,0% (IC95%: 3,7-4,3) mencionaron que no tenían amigos íntimos; el 50,6% (IC95%: 49,8-51,4) se sentían preocupados por las cosas comunes de la vida diaria; el 31,4% se sentían tristes la mayor parte del tiempo o siempre; el 30,0% (IC95% 29,4 - 30,6) sentía que nadie se preocupaba por ellos; el 40,9% (IC95% 40,2 - 41,5) estaba irritable, nervioso o de mal humor; el 21,4% (IC95% 20,9 - 22,0) sentía que no valía la pena vivir; y el 17,7% (IC95% 17,2 - 18,2) tenía una autoevaluación negativa de su salud mental. La mayoría de estos indicadores eran más frecuentes en los escolares de 16 y 17 años, en las mujeres y en los colegios públicos. Conclusión: se evidenció un aumento de la angustia mental entre los adolescentes brasileños a través de los indicadores de salud mental de la edición PeNSE 2019. Los resultados revelan relaciones de desigualdades estructurales de género y clase social. Es necesario invertir más en políticas públicas para reducir las consecuencias del malestar mental entre los adolescentes brasileños.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the prevalence values of the mental health indicators among in-school Brazilian adolescents. Method: a cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted with data from the 2019 National School Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, PeNSE). The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the mental health indicators of Brazilian adolescents aged from 13 to 17 years old were estimated according to age, gender, school's administrative system and Federation Unit. Results: of the 125,123 students aged from 13 to 17 years old that were investigated, 4.0% (95% CI: 3.7-4.3) mentioned that they did not have close friends; 50.6% (95% CI: 49.8-51.4) felt worried about common everyday issues; 31.4% felt sad most of the times or always; 30.0% (95% CI: 29.4-30.6) thought that no one cared about them; 40.9% (95% CI: 40.2-41.5) were irritated, nervous or in a bad mood; 21.4% (95% CI: 20.9-22.0) felt that life was not worth living; and 17.7% (95% CI: 17.2-18.2) presented negative mental health self-assessments. Most of these indicators were more frequent in female adolescents aged 16 and 17 years attending public schools. Conclusion: an increase in mental distress was identified among Brazilian adolescents according to the mental health indicators of PeNSE 2019. The results revealed relationships marked by gender and social class structural inequalities. More investment is necessary in public policies in order to reduce the consequences of mental distress among Brazilian adolescents.

Loneliness and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: results of national adolescent school-based health survey 2015

Abstract Objective: To identify the associated factors to loneliness among Brazilian adolescents, considering this is a knowledge gap and given its severity. The United Nations estimates that mental health problems affect approximately 20% of adolescents worldwide. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey 2015, conducted with students aged 13-17 in Brazil. The statistical analysis was performed with the calculation of the prevalence of feeling loneliness reported. Poisson regression with the adjusted Prevalence Ratio was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics, family context, mental health and lifestyles, and feelings of loneliness. Results: 15,5% of Brazilian students reported loneliness in the last 12 months. Female gender, higher maternal education, insomnia and be bullying victims rarely or sometimes and most of the time or always had a higher prevalence rate of loneliness. Having friends, having a meal with parents or guardians 5 days or more a week and having understanding parents showed a lower prevalence ratio for loneliness. Conclusion: Loneliness feeling is frequent among adolescents and is associated with female gender, less social and family support, intra-family violence and risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption and bullying. Policies to promote physical and mental well-being in this age group, stimulating friendship and family participation in the lives of adolescents should be made.

Loneliness and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: results of national adolescent school-based health survey 2015.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the associated factors to loneliness among Brazilian adolescents, considering this is a knowledge gap and given its severity. The United Nations estimates that mental health problems affect approximately 20% of adolescents worldwide. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey 2015, conducted with students aged 13-17 in Brazil. The statistical analysis was performed with the calculation of the prevalence of feeling loneliness reported. Poisson regression with the adjusted Prevalence Ratio was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics, family context, mental health and lifestyles, and feelings of loneliness. RESULTS: 15,5% of Brazilian students reported loneliness in the last 12 months. Female gender, higher maternal education, insomnia and be bullying victims rarely or sometimes and most of the time or always had a higher prevalence rate of loneliness. Having friends, having a meal with parents or guardians 5 days or more a week and having understanding parents showed a lower prevalence ratio for loneliness. CONCLUSION: Loneliness feeling is frequent among adolescents and is associated with female gender, less social and family support, intra-family violence and risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption and bullying. Policies to promote physical and mental well-being in this age group, stimulating friendship and family participation in the lives of adolescents should be made .

Risk and protective factors related to domestic violence against Brazilian adolescents. / Fatores de risco e proteção relacionados à violência intrafamiliar contra os adolescentes brasileiros.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the factors associated with domestic violence against Brazilian adolescents. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive analysis of the variables and calculation of the prevalence of intrafamily violence reported by the students was performed, followed by multinomial regression with calculation of the adjusted odds ratio to analyze the association between the variables and the outcome investigated. RESULTS: Black skin color (ORa = 1.9; 95%CI 1.4 - 2.7) and brown (ORa = 1.4; 95%CI 1.0 - 1.9), insomnia (ORa = 1.8; 95%CI 1.4 - 2.4), bullying (ORa = 2.5; 95%CI 1.7 - 3.7) and alcohol consumption (ORa = 1.5; 95%CI 1.1 - 1.9) increased the chances of adolescents suffering an episode of intrafamily violence. Bullying (ORa = 3.9; 95%CI 2.8 - 5.3) and alcohol consumption (ORa = 2.2; 95%CI 1.7 - 2.7) contributed up to 4 times more not to suffer more than one episode of domestic violence. Habits such as eating with family (ORa = 0.7; 95%CI 0.5 - 1.0) and having parents who understand their problems (ORa = 0.6; 95%CI 0.5 - 0,7) proved to be protective factors for intrafamily violence. CONCLUSION: Intrafamily violence against adolescents is related to family interactions, psychoactive substance use and violence in the school environment. Thus, it reveals the importance of the participation of parents and guardians in the prevention of violence and risk behaviors in the lives of Brazilian adolescents.

Fatores de risco e proteção relacionados à violência intrafamiliar contra os adolescentes brasileiros / Risk and protective factors related to domestic violence against Brazilian adolescents

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever os fatores associados à violência intrafamiliar contra os adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Realizaram-se a análise descritiva das variáveis e o cálculo da prevalência da violência intrafamiliar relatada pelos estudantes, seguidos da regressão multinominal com cálculo da razão de chances ajustada para análise da associação entre as variáveis e o desfecho investigado. Resultados: A cor de pele preta (ORa = 1,9; IC95% 1,4 - 2,7) e parda (ORa = 1,4; IC95% 1,0 - 1,9), a insônia (ORa = 1,8; IC95% 1,4 - 2,4), o bullying (ORa = 2,5; IC95% 1,7 - 3,7) e o consumo de bebida alcoólica (ORa = 1,5; IC95% 1,1 - 1,9) aumentaram as chances dos adolescentes sofrerem um episódio de violência intrafamiliar. O bullying (ORa = 3,9; IC95% 2,8 - 5,3) e o consumo de bebida alcoólica (ORa = 2,2; IC95% 1,7 - 2,7) contribuíram com até quatro vezes mais no sofrer em mais de um episódio de violência intrafamiliar. Hábitos como fazer refeição com a família (ORa = 0,7; IC95% 0,5 - 1,0) e ter pais que entendem seus problemas (ORa = 0,6; IC95% 0,5 - 0,7) mostraram-se como fatores protetores para a violência intrafamiliar. Conclusão: A violência intrafamiliar contra o adolescente está relacionada às interações familiares, uso de substâncias psicoativas e à violência no ambiente escolar. Assim, revela a importância da participação de pais e responsáveis na prevenção da violência e dos comportamentos de risco na vida dos adolescentes brasileiros.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the factors associated with domestic violence against Brazilian adolescents. Methodology: Descriptive analysis of the variables and calculation of the prevalence of intrafamily violence reported by the students was performed, followed by multinomial regression with calculation of the adjusted odds ratio to analyze the association between the variables and the outcome investigated. Results: Black skin color (ORa = 1.9; 95%CI 1.4 - 2.7) and brown (ORa = 1.4; 95%CI 1.0 - 1.9), insomnia (ORa = 1.8; 95%CI 1.4 - 2.4), bullying (ORa = 2.5; 95%CI 1.7 - 3.7) and alcohol consumption (ORa = 1.5; 95%CI 1.1 - 1.9) increased the chances of adolescents suffering an episode of intrafamily violence. Bullying (ORa = 3.9; 95%CI 2.8 - 5.3) and alcohol consumption (ORa = 2.2; 95%CI 1.7 - 2.7) contributed up to 4 times more not to suffer more than one episode of domestic violence. Habits such as eating with family (ORa = 0.7; 95%CI 0.5 - 1.0) and having parents who understand their problems (ORa = 0.6; 95%CI 0.5 - 0,7) proved to be protective factors for intrafamily violence. Conclusion: Intrafamily violence against adolescents is related to family interactions, psychoactive substance use and violence in the school environment. Thus, it reveals the importance of the participation of parents and guardians in the prevention of violence and risk behaviors in the lives of Brazilian adolescents.

Factors associated with family violence against adolescents based on the results of the National School Health Survey (PeNSE). / Fatores associados aos episódios de agressão familiar entre adolescentes, resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE).

The study analyzes factors associated with family aggression against adolescents. Data from the National School Health Survey for 2015 were analyzed, and the prevalence of physical aggression per family was calculated according to four blocks. The bivariate analysis was performed, calculating the unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) within each block and the multivariate regression. Familial aggression was reported by 14.5%. The variables associated with the model were: female, black, yellow, brown, mothers with no higher educational level, adolescent workers (OR 2.10 CI 95% 1.78-2.47). In the family context, they remained associated with aggression, lack of parents "understanding" (OR 1.71 CI95% 1.63 -1.80) and their intrusion into adolescent's privacy (OR 1.80 CI95% 1.70 -1, 91). Report of missing school (OR1.43 CI95% 1.36-1.50). Among the behaviors: smoking (OR 1.23 CI95% 1.12-1.34), alcohol (OR 1.49 CI95% 1.41-1.57), drug experience (OR 1.24 CI95% 1, 15-1,33), early sexual intercourse (OR 1.40 CI95% 1.33 -1.48), reports of loneliness, insomnia and bullying (ORa 2.14 CI95% 2.00-2.30). It is concluded by the association between violence and gender, greater victimization of girls, living in unfavorable social and family contexts.

O estudo analisa fatores associados à agressão familiar contra adolescentes. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde dos Escolares 2015 e calculada a prevalência de sofrer agressão física por familiar, segundo quatro blocos de investigação. Procedeu-se a análise bivariada, calculando-se os Odds Ratios (ORs) não ajustados e, por fim, foi realizada a regressão multivariada. A agressão familiar foi referida por 14,5%. Variáveis associadas no modelo mutivariado no bloco sociodemográfico foram: sexo feminino, raça cor preta, amarela, parda, mães sem nível superior de escolaridade, adolescente que trabalham (OR 2,10 IC95% 1,78-2,47). No contexto familiar: a falta de compreensão dos pais (OR 1,71 IC95% 1,63 -1,80) e a intromissão na privacidade dos adolescentes (OR 1,80 IC95% 1,70 -1,91). Relato de faltar às aulas (OR 1,43 IC95% 1,36-1,50). Dentre os comportamentos: tabagismo (OR 1,23 IC95% 1,12-1,34), álcool (OR 1,49 IC95% 1,41-1,57), experiência com drogas (OR 1,24 IC95% 1,15-1,33), relação sexual precoce (OR 1,40 IC95% 1,33 -1,48), relato de solidão, insônia e bullying (ORa 2,14 IC95% 2,00-2,30). Conclui-se pela associação entre violência e gênero, maior vitimização das meninas e adolescentes mais jovens, que vivem em contextos sociais e familiares desfavoráveis.

Fatores associados aos episódios de agressão familiar entre adolescentes, resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) / Factors associated with family violence against adolescents based on the results of the National School Health Survey (PeNSE)

Resumo O estudo analisa fatores associados à agressão familiar contra adolescentes. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde dos Escolares 2015 e calculada a prevalência de sofrer agressão física por familiar, segundo quatro blocos de investigação. Procedeu-se a análise bivariada, calculando-se os Odds Ratios (ORs) não ajustados e, por fim, foi realizada a regressão multivariada. A agressão familiar foi referida por 14,5%. Variáveis associadas no modelo mutivariado no bloco sociodemográfico foram: sexo feminino, raça cor preta, amarela, parda, mães sem nível superior de escolaridade, adolescente que trabalham (OR 2,10 IC95% 1,78-2,47). No contexto familiar: a falta de compreensão dos pais (OR 1,71 IC95% 1,63 -1,80) e a intromissão na privacidade dos adolescentes (OR 1,80 IC95% 1,70 -1,91). Relato de faltar às aulas (OR 1,43 IC95% 1,36-1,50). Dentre os comportamentos: tabagismo (OR 1,23 IC95% 1,12-1,34), álcool (OR 1,49 IC95% 1,41-1,57), experiência com drogas (OR 1,24 IC95% 1,15-1,33), relação sexual precoce (OR 1,40 IC95% 1,33 -1,48), relato de solidão, insônia e bullying (ORa 2,14 IC95% 2,00-2,30). Conclui-se pela associação entre violência e gênero, maior vitimização das meninas e adolescentes mais jovens, que vivem em contextos sociais e familiares desfavoráveis.

Abstract The study analyzes factors associated with family aggression against adolescents. Data from the National School Health Survey for 2015 were analyzed, and the prevalence of physical aggression per family was calculated according to four blocks. The bivariate analysis was performed, calculating the unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) within each block and the multivariate regression. Familial aggression was reported by 14.5%. The variables associated with the model were: female, black, yellow, brown, mothers with no higher educational level, adolescent workers (OR 2.10 CI 95% 1.78-2.47). In the family context, they remained associated with aggression, lack of parents "understanding" (OR 1.71 CI95% 1.63 -1.80) and their intrusion into adolescent's privacy (OR 1.80 CI95% 1.70 -1, 91). Report of missing school (OR1.43 CI95% 1.36-1.50). Among the behaviors: smoking (OR 1.23 CI95% 1.12-1.34), alcohol (OR 1.49 CI95% 1.41-1.57), drug experience (OR 1.24 CI95% 1, 15-1,33), early sexual intercourse (OR 1.40 CI95% 1.33 -1.48), reports of loneliness, insomnia and bullying (ORa 2.14 CI95% 2.00-2.30). It is concluded by the association between violence and gender, greater victimization of girls, living in unfavorable social and family contexts.

Fatores associados à violência intrafamiliar e solidão entre adolescentes brasileiros / Factors associated with intrafamily violence and loneliness among Brazilian adolescents

Nas últimas décadas observa-se um aumento dos problemas de violência e saúde mental entre os adolescentes, tornando-se as principais causas dos agravos à saúde dessa população. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à violência intrafamiliar e ao sentimento de solidão vivenciados por adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com análise de dados secundários da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2015), conduzida pelo IBGE, entre escolares de 13 a 17 anos das escolas públicas e privadas do Brasil. Foi realizada análise descritiva com cálculo da prevalência e intervalos de confiança a 95% da violência intrafamiliar contra o adolescente e do sentimento de solidão relatados pelos estudantes segundo as características sociodemográficas, contexto familiar, estilos de vida e saúde mental. Posteriormente, procedeu-se a regressão logística multinomial, calculando-se a Odds Ratio para a investigação do desfecho de sofrer violência intrafamiliar e a regressão de Poisson com cálculo da Razão de Prevalência para a investigação do desfecho de sentir solidão entre os adolescentes com as variáveis que apresentaram valor de associação p< 0,20 nas análises bivariadas. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: 5,7% (IC 95%: 5,1 ­ 6,4) dos adolescentes entrevistados relataram terem sofrido violência intrafamiliar uma vez e 7,6% (IC 95%: 6,7 ­ 8,5) relataram sofrer violência intrafamiliar mais de uma vez nos últimos 30 dias. Maior chance de sofrer violência intrafamiliar mais de uma vez foi encontrada entre aqueles com as características: cor da pele preta (ORa = 1,5; IC 95%: 1,1 ­ 2,0), ter insônia (ORa = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3 ­ 2,1), sofrer bullying raramente ou às vezes (ORa = 1,5; IC 95%: 1,2 ­ 1,8), sofrer bullying na maior parte do tempo (ORa = 3,9; IC 95%: 2,8 ­ 5,3), fazer uso de cigarro (ORa = 2,2; IC 95%: 1,6 ­ 3,0) e consumir bebida alcoólica (ORa = 2,2; IC 95%: 1,7 ­ 2,7). Mostraram-se com menor chance de sofrer mais de uma vez a violência intrafamiliar adolescentes com idade entre 16 a 17 anos (ORa = 0,6; IC 95%: 0,5 ­ 0,8), do sexo feminino (ORa = 0,8; IC 95%: 0,6 ­ 1,0), cujas mães tinham ensino superior completo (ORa = 0,6; IC 95%: 0,5 ­ 0,9), que tinham pais compreensivos (ORa = 0,6; IC 95%: 0,5 ­ 0,7) e eram supervisionados por familiar (ORa = 0,5; IC 95%: 0,4 ­ 0,7). Em relação à solidão,15,5% (IC 95%: 14,5 ­ 16,6) dos estudantes brasileiros relataram esta condição nos últimos 12 meses. Ser do sexo feminino (RPa = 1,6; IC 95%: 1,4 ­ 1,9), a escolaridade materna de nível superior completo (RPa = 1,2; IC 95%: 1,1 ­ 1,4), ter insônia (RPa = 2,8; IC 95%: 2,5 ­ 3,2) e ser vítimas de bullying raramente ou às vezes (RPa = 1,5; IC 95%: 1,3 ­ 1,7) e na maior parte do tempo ou sempre (RPa = 1,9; IC 95%: 1,7 - 2,3) apresentaram maior razão de prevalência de sentir-se só nos doze meses anteriores à 7 pesquisa.Ter amigos (RPa = 0,6; IC 95%: 0,5 - 0,7), fazer refeição com pais ou responsáveis 5 dias ou mais na semana (RPa = 0,7; IC 95%: 0,6 ­ 0,8) e ter pais compreensivos(RPa = 0,5; IC 95%: 0,4 - 0,5) apresentaram menor razão de prevalência no relato de solidão entre os adolescentes. Conclusão: A violência intrafamiliar contra o adolescente está relacionada às condições de desigualdades sociais, uso de substâncias psicoativas, vivência de situações de violência no ambiente escolar e no contexto familiar. Já a solidão entre os adolescentes se associa ao sexo, ao apoio social e familiar, a violência intrafamiliar e a comportamentos de risco como o consumo de bebida alcoólica e bullying, tornando-se frequente nos relatos dos adolescentes. Deve-se investir em políticas voltadas para a promoção do bem estar físico e mental nessa faixa etária, como promover a relação de amizade e participação da família na vida dos adolescentes.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: In the last decades, there has been an increase in the problems of violence and mental health among adolescents, becoming the main causes of the health problems of this population. OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with intrafamily violence and the feeling of loneliness experienced by Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: This is a crosssectional study with secondary data analysis from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2015), conducted by IBGE, among students aged 13 to 17 years of public and private schools in Brazil. Descriptive analysis was carried out with a calculation of the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of intrafamily violence against adolescents and feelings of loneliness reported by students according to sociodemographic characteristics, family context, life styles and mental health. Subsequently, multinomial logistic regression was performed, calculating the Odds Ratio for the investigation of the outcome of suffering intrafamily violence and the Poisson regression with calculation of the Prevalence Ratio for the investigation of the outcome of feeling loneliness among adolescents with the variables which presented association value p <0.20 in the bivariate analyzes. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: 5.7% (CI 95%: 5.1 - 6.4) of adolescents interviewed had suffered intrafamily violence at one time and 7.6% (95% CI: 6.7 - 8.5) related to violence more than once in the last 30 days. The highest chance of suffering intrafamily violence was more than once among those with characteristics: black skin color (ORa = 1,5, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.0), having insomnia (ORa = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3 - 2.1), suffer from bullying rarely or sometimes (ORa = 1,5, 95% CI: 1.2 - 1.8), suffer from bullying (ORa = 3,9, 95% CI: 2,8-5,3), make use of cigarettes (ORa = 2,2, 95% CI: 1,6-3,0) and consume alcoholic beverage (ORa = 2.2 95% CI: 1, 7-2.7). Compared with adolescents aged 16 to 17 years (ORa = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.8), the female sex (ORa = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6 - 1.0), whose mothers had completed tertiary education (ORa = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9), who were comprehensive parents (ORa = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.7) and were supervised by relatives (ORa = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4-0.7). Regarding solitude, 15.5% (95% CI: 14.5 - 16.6) of Brazilian students reported this condition in the last 12 months. Being female (RP = 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.9), the highest maternal level of education (RP = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 - 1.4), having insomnia (RPa = 2.8, 95% CI: 2.5-3.2), and to be victims of bullying rarely or sometimes (RPa = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3 - 1.7) and most of the time or always (RPa = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.7 - 2.3) had a higher prevalence rate of feeling only in the 12 months prior to the survey. Having friends (RPa = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7), having a meal with parents or guardians 5 days or more in the week (RPa = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6-0 , 8) and having 9 comprehensive parents (RPa = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4 - 0.5) had a lower prevalence ratio in the report of solitude among adolescents. CONCLUSION: Intrafamily violence against adolescents is related to the conditions of social inequalities, the use of psychoactive substances, the experience of situations of violence in the school environment and in the family context. Already the solitude among adolescents is associated with sex, social and family support, intrafamily violence and risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption and bullying, becoming frequent in adolescents' reports. It is necessary to invest in policies aimed at promoting physical and mental well-being of adolescents, such as promoting the relationship of friendship and family participation in adolescents' lives.(AU) I

Presença paterna na sala de parto: expectativas, sentimentos e significadosdurante o nascimento / Presencia paterna en la sala de parto: expectativas, sentimientos ysignificados durante el nacimiento / Father's presence in the delivery room: expectations, feelings and meanings during the birth

Objetivo: descrever as expectativas, os sentimentos e significados vivenciados pelos pais durante a participação no nascimento do filho. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, com utilização da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a 10 pais no mês de abril de 2009, em uma maternidade pública de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a vivência dos pais envolveu sentimentos conflitantes, curiosidades, fantasias e expectativas, durante o nascimento do filho. Mesmo assim, os pais puderam transmitir segurança e afeto às suas esposas e companheiras, e consideraram essa experiência como a descoberta de uma nova possibilidade de paternidade. Conclusão: a presença paterna na sala de parto ainda se mostra incipiente, mas revela um novo papel e uma nova paternidade a ser descoberta e desempenhada pelos genitores, além de se caracterizar como um aspecto positivo para o sucesso do parto.

Objective: to describe the expectations, feelings and meanings experienced by fathers during their participation in the birth of their child. Methods: it is a qualitative research, in which the semi-structured interview technique was applied to 10 fathers in April, 2009 in a public maternity hospital in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. The data were subjected to content analysis. Results: the experience of the fathers involved conflicting feelings, curiosities, fantasies and expectations during the birth of the child. Even so, the fathers could provide assurance and affection to their wives and companions, and considered this experience to be the discovery of a new possibility of paternity. Conclusion: the father’s presence in the delivery room is still incipient, but reveals a new role and a new paternity to be discovered and performed by the fathers, besides being a positive aspect for a successful delivery.

Objetivo: describir las expectativas, los sentimientos y los significados vivenciados por los padres durante su participación en el nacimiento del hijo. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, con técnica de entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a 10 padres en el mes de 2009, en una maternidad pública de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: la experiencia de los padres incluyó sentimientos en conflicto, curiosidades, fantasías y expectativas durante el nacimiento de su hijo. Aun así, los padres pudieron trasmitir seguridad y afecto a sus compañeras, y consideraron dicha experiencia como el descubrimiento de una nueva posibilidad de paternidad. Conclusión: la presencia paterna en el salón de parto todavía es incipiente, pero revela un nuevo papel y una nueva paternidad a ser descubierta y desempeñada por los progenitores, además de significar un aspecto positivo para el éxito del parto.